UV ȭ ҷ ,,å
UVȭ ҷ Ѵ.
ַ Ͼ ҷ , ҷ ü 1 Ȥ2 ̻ ɼ ִ. 1 2 ̻ å 2 ʰ 쵵 ִ.
츮 ǿ ´ å , uv , Ȥ uvȭ Ŀ ڿ Ͽ ذϸ ڰ, ذ ȵǸ ؼ ̰ ذå ϴ .
1. UV ȭ ҷ
UV ȭ ϴ ҷ Ÿ ҷ Ȯϰ ľϴ
. Ȯϰ ľؾ ױ å Ȯ ȴ
1) ȭ ҷ
ȭ ʰ, ȭ (ڱ ȭ : Lack Cure)̰ų ȭ ļ ȭ(Overcured) ̴. ȭ(Overcured) 쿡 ǰ Ÿų, ϴ 찡 , ȭ 쿡 ǰ ϰų 찡 ְ, ߿ Ӱ Ǿ ǥ ƽŰ 찡 ִ..
2) ǰ
ݼ̳ ū , öƽ 迭 ʸ̳ ڸ ǰ ǰ ü Ǵ ɰ ̴.
ʸ зϸ ̼ϰ Ÿ Wave ҷ, Curl, Shrinkage, źȭ(carbonization) ʱ ܰ , ÷ ڹ ǰ ù ܰ Wave ҷ Ͼ ǰ ġ ȴ.
- Wave : ʱ ̴ܰ. 1m Ȥ 1.8m ü ణ ִ.
- Curl : Wave ·μ ޱ ޱ .
- Shrinkage : Curl ܰ ·μ ޱ κ ª鼭 ϴ
- źȭ(carbonization) ʱ ܰ : κ Shrinkage ſ ·μ ޱ ü Ѵ. ( ǹ Wave Curl ܵ ҷ ġ źȭ ʱ ܰ ҷ Ͼ 幰).
Ư Wave ҷ Curl ҷ Ͼ ҷ ߰ߵǴ ſ ߿ϴ.
Wave ҷ Curl ҷ ǰ A4 Ȥ B5 Ը ܰ迡 Ÿ ʴٰ ǰ 30cm-50cm Ŀ ̷Ʈ 꿡 Ÿų, ̷Ʈ Ÿ ʴٰ, 1m - 2m ¿ Ÿ 쵵
ִ.
Wave ҷ ġ , ̷Ʈ Ը , ¿ Ÿ ʴٰ, ǰ ϵǾ ϰų LCD ǰ ¿ Ÿ 쵵 ִ. Wave ҷ ó ʰ Ÿ ŸԿ Ư Ÿµ, ѷ ʸ ¿ ִ x y Wave ҷ ־ ° Wave Ǵ Ÿ ʴ 쵵 ִ.
° x y ϸ( ѿ ʸ Ǯ) ŸǷ ǰ ڴ Ư Ű Ѵ.
Ͼ ε 3 .
ȭ Ͼ , ð Ͼų 2 Ͼ 쵵 ִ. 2 ̻ ̳ ʸ ̴ 糪 ڸ , 浵, ̷¿ Ŀ ϴ 쵵 .
κ UV ȭ ū ̴.
3)
ȭ Ǿٰ Ͽ (Substrate) ø ʴ ̴. ص ų, аų и , ϰ Ƶ ũν ıƮ (Cross cut test) ߵ Ѵ. ڵ ǰ, LCD Display ǰ̳ ʸ, COG, BGA Ĩ ǰ ƾ Ѵ.
4) (Swaging, bulging)
簡 ƽ̳ ó µ , Ϻκ ų õ ̴. ϸ Ϻΰ İ Ÿ 쵵 ִ.
ü ų, Ȥ 2 1 ̰ų, õǴ 찡 ִ.
ο ܺδ ϰ, ο ٺ() 쵵 ִ. ο ܺΰ ϰ Ų ϰ, ο Ƿ ̰ ſ ڴ.
5) (Bubbling, Air Bubble), ȭ(Cratering)
õ ٴ Ȥ ߰ ų, ȭ ȭó ڸ 鼭 ǥ ҷ̴.
ǥ ȭó ոų پ鼭 麸 ũ- ũ ձ ȭ ҷ̴. ũⰡ ߰ ̸ ϰ ο ū ϸ鼭 ٷ κ 1-10 ũ Ƽ ǥ ° ̴ ҷ̴
6) ǥ ũ
Ȯ ʸ, Ʈ ڸ ȭ ص ̰ ̼ ũ . ε Ȯ ʰ å ٸǷ ϱⰡ ҷ̴.
7) Ȳ
Ѵ. ؾ Ȳ
̴.
ǰ UV ȭ 꼺, 浵, ǥ , , Ư UV ȭ uv ȭ ̳ UV ȭ Ŀ Ʈ ϸ ڵ Ȯ ̰, ̿ ü å Ȯ Ʈ ÿ ð ϴ 찡 .
8) uv ȭ ҷ
Ư ȭ ҷ ٺ 1 쵵 2 ̻ ɼ ִ. Ʈ 1 , 2 ̻ 2 ̻̹Ƿ å 츦 ÿ ؾ Ѵ. 츮 ´ å ̳, , Ŀ ǰߺٴ , uv , Ȥ uvȭ , , ȭ ǿ Ͽ ⺻ Ŀ ϴ Ʈ ذ ִ.
ϴ , Ʈ Ͼ Ʈ Ǵ , ۾ , , ϰ , ȭ, ſ ⺻ å ؾ ϴµ, ̷ ؼ ˱ Ƿ ڳ ڽ ƴ å ذ ʰų, 찡 , ̷ 쿡 о߿ Ͼ Ǯ .
űԷ uv ȭ ϴ ȸ Ӹ ƴ϶ ʳⰣ UV ȭ ϰ ִ ȸ , Ʈ ؼ å ̴. Ư µ ̳ ʸ ɰ ǹǷ , ȭ, , ǿ ϴ . |
2. UV ȭ ҷ
UVȭ ҷ ſ ̴.
ҷ ϸ κ ſ ϴ° 츮 .
ȸ翡 ǰ̳ 濵 å ִ Ͼ ڶ ̰ ̸ ˰ å ̸ ؾ ҷ Ȯ å ִ.
1) ȭ ҷ
ȭ ȵǰų Ǵ ̰ȭ, ȭ ʹ ġ Ǿ Ÿ ȭ(Φ) ִ. uvȭ Ǵ ߾ Ѵ. ߿ 1 ҷ Ÿ 쵵 ְ, 2 Ʋ ü Ǿ ҷ ̾ ʴ 쵵 ִ.
.
ġ Ǿ ϴµ 2 ġ ʴ´.
. uv uv
uv(Intensity : mW/cm2) uv (mJ/cm2) 䱸ϴ ŭ Ǿ ϴµ 䱸 ŭ ʴ´. Ư ص
Ƽ ȭ ҷ ڵ ϴ 찡 .
. β ӵ
β βų ܺ̾ ӵ õ .
̻ ֿ θ ̰, ܿ , µ, ƹ µ ȭ ҷ 쵵 Ͱ Ƿ ذϱ Ƿ ϴ° ..
2) ǰ
öƽ 迭 ʸ̳ ڸ ǰ ϴ ̴.
UV Է 70-80% ϹǷ ϰ , ȭ ȿ ŵǰ uv ȭ⸦ ̴.
ǰ , 䱸 uv, ǰ Ÿ, ܺ̾ ӵ, ð ý ο . κ ǰ uv ȭ⸦ µ 40-100 ´. ϴ ǰ µ µ ٸ, ǰ µ ߴİ uv ȭ ٽ ̴.
Ǵ UV Ͽ ȭ ó Ǿ , 浵 䱸ġ ŭ Ƿ uv Ű Ǵµ uv Ű öǷ Ͼ.
UV Ű ǰ ϰų, Űų, ӵ õõ ϸ UV õ - mJ/cm2 ǰ uv̳ ϴ 5 ŭ ´. ó uv ϴ ͺ 5 ̻ Ƿ 簡 ǰų 糪 ȭ uv Ǵ 翵ϴ.
ȭ Ǵ ̿ܿ ð Ϸ糪 Ʋ Ŀ ǰų ȭ ٽ 2 Ͼ ϸ, Ǵ 3 .
- ȭϴ ǰ ȭ Ǵ
- ȭ ¿ ص 2-3 Ŀ 2 Ͼ .
- ǰ ٽ Ͼ 2 ,
ó3 Ͼ ƽ 簡 ϰ ִ ڱ Ѱ谡 ִµ, Ѱ ð ҴĿ Ÿ .
Ѱ Ÿ. Ѱġ (Transfomation Point) α ̷¿ ¿ ð ϸ Ÿ ȭ, 2 ٽ Ͼ 2 ִ. ̳, 2 Ʈ ߰ ǿ ̶ · Ÿ, ǰ ǰ 忡 Ѵ.
ó ҷ κ UV ȭ ǰ ذϱ ε UV Է 70-80% ϰ, 90% ̻ ־ ϴµ, ϸ UV Ͽ uv ʾƼ ȭ ʰ, ʴ uv ȭ⸦ ϸ ǰ Ǵ ڵ ַλ̴.
Uv 緮 ʰ, UV ȭ ϴ 90% ̻ ϰ uv ȭ⸦ ϴ , ü , uv ö ġ ؾ ϴµ, Ӹ ƴ϶ ܱ uv ȭ Ŀ, ̷ а ɶ п ؼ ü ̷а Ͼ Ȯ Ŀ ſ 幰Ƿ mJ/cm2 uc ϰ Ͼ ʴ 40 uv ȭ ã ƴ.
3)
ȭ ƹ Ǿٰ ص (Substrate) ̿ . ҷ ִ.
. ǥ
PET, ũ, PC, PolyImide, SUSö, , Ni, ˷̴ ǥ ¿ ڱ ǥ ִ.
ǥ ̳ , µ, ǥó , , , ǥ . ص ǥ ٸ.
ü ҷ Ȥ μϱ ǥ ǥ ̹Ƿ ǥ ־ Ѵ.
ǥ .
ǥ
|
Surface Energy
(dynes/cm) |
Polyhexafluoropropylene |
16 |
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE/Teflon) |
18-20 |
Fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) |
18-22 |
Polytrifluoroethylene |
22 |
Chlorotrifluoroethylene (Aclar) |
20-24 |
Polydimethyl siloxane (silicone elastomer) |
22-24 |
Natural rubber |
24 |
Paraffin |
23-25 |
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) |
25 |
Polyvinyl fluoride (PVF/Tedlar) |
28 |
Polypropylene (PP) |
29-31 |
Polyethylene (PE) |
30-31 |
Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) |
31 |
Polybutylene teraphthalate (PBT) |
32 |
Nylon-11 (polyundecanamide) |
33 |
Surlyn ionomer |
33 |
Polystyrene (PS), low ionomer |
33-35 |
Polyacrylate (acrylic film) |
35 |
Tin-plated steel |
35 |
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), plasticized |
33-38 |
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH/PVAL) |
37 |
Polystyrene (PS), high ionomer |
37-38 |
Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) |
38 |
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), rigid |
39 |
Cellulose acetate (CA) |
39 |
Polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC/Saran) |
40 |
Polyimide |
40 |
Polysulfone (PSU) |
41 |
Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) |
41 |
Nylon-6 (polycaprolactam) |
42 |
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) |
41-44 |
Cellulose (regenerated) |
44 |
Copper |
44 |
Aluminum |
45 |
Iron |
46 |
Nylon 6/6 (polyhexamethylene adipamide) |
46 |
Polycarbonate (PC) |
46 |
Glass, soda lime |
47 |
Polyphenylene oxide (PPO) |
47 |
Styrene butadiene rubber |
48 |
Polyethersulfone |
50 |
. ǥ
Ϲδ Ϸ ϴ ǥ ( ʸ ) ǥ º . Ϸ ǥ ־ ϴµ κ ڰ ִ ƴ϶ Ŀ ̴ . ٲپ ȴ . Ʒ ǥ ǥ ̴ . Uv ȭ ᰡ ƴ ȭ ᳪ MEK, , 翣 ų (Thinner). ϸ , ̷ ų 迭 ǥ Ƿ κ 翡 ȴ .
|
. uv uv
uv ų Ǵ ʿ䷮ 찡 κ̸, 迭 uv Ƽ ȭ(Over cure) ǰ, ȭ ȭ Ϸ ҷ 쵵 ִ.
. ǥ
ǥ Ǹ ȭ ƹ ߵǾ 翬ϴ.
ǥ , ⸧, Ÿ Ǿٸ ǥ鿡 ٸ 3 Ǿٰ ȴ. а糪 ⸧ ʸ ߶ Ѵٸ ȳ ǥ ̹ ¿ ġ ̴
. β
â ִ. Ѵٴ ǹ̴ â ٸ 2 縦 ȭ ƴ Ųٴ ǹε, 2 縦 ξ 2 ٸ, ü â â ٸǷ µ ȭ ̴.
β β β â Ȥ Ǵ xy θ ġ, z δ ̹ϰ ġ, β β âϴ , â Ǵ x, y, z ġ ̴.
̻ ֿ θ ̰, ܿ , Ϲ Ƽ ƹ µ ҷ 쵵 Ͱ Ƿ ذϱ Ŀ ȭ Ŀ Ϲ ǰ߸ ƴ϶ ϴ° ..
. ȭ߿ ̷
uv ȭ ߿ ȭ ǥ ֹ ø ȭ øӰ ȭ ǥ Ƿ ȭ ų .
4) (Bubbling, bulging),
ü Ȥ ٸ. 簡 ȭ߿ Ƽ̴. õ ο
ų ǥ ҷ Ȥ ֺƮ ó ϰų ϰ ȭǾ ο ̴. UV ȭ ̰ų Ȥ ֺƮ (ֹ ) ٲٰų 뷮 ̴.
Ȥ ü β βų β β, ǥ ȭǰ, δ Ͼ ߵ ü ܺη 쵵 ִ. ̶ ϰų Ͽ κ ȭŰ ذ ȴ.
ٺ å uv ȭ ٿ Ѵ.
5) ǰ ǥ ũ()
õ ̼ ũ ϴ ȭ ( ) uv ȭ ߿ ̴.
. : ȭ ũ ϴ ū
. ȭ κ ̽ ɱ, ÷̴. ǥ ũ Ӹ ƴ϶ ȭ 浵, â , , ǥ , , µ, , ǰ Ѵ.
. ȭ߿ ( ̷) :
uv ȭ ߿ ũ ġ ũ 2 ִ.
ù° ǥ ֹ ø ߷ , Ŀ ź- üΰ ɱ ϰ ũ ̴.
uv ȭ ߿ øӴ տ ϰ Ѵ.
ȭ β ڷ 浵 ϴ ÷ ؾ ϴµ, uv ȭ ߿ ǥ ӿ ̸Ӵ ̳߰ ο Ѵ. ǥ øӰ Ͽ ¿ ϷǾ ǥ յ 浵 װ͵ ´, κ Ѵ.
uv ȭ ߿ ̻ ǥ øӰ ʹ ٷ ¿ յ յ, е, 浵 װ͵ Ѿ ȭ ũ Ÿ. ( κ ϴ Ͼ ϴ κ ü ø ̽ ɱ ٸ ٲ ϰ ϴٰ ȭ߿ ν ذ ٰ ִ.)
2° Ŀ () ȭ üΰ ɱ ġ ̷( : Thermal history ) ̴.
ݼ 簡 Ư ٲ Ǵµ ̷ ̷( ) ̶ Ѵ. ̷ ö(ݼ) Ÿ ƴ϶ ƽ, , , 翡 Ÿµ ö, , , 100-200 µ , ƽó ̳ 100ɷ 60-80 α µ ü Ͽ ź , յ, 浵 ġµ, ߿ Ѱ ǥ ũ Ÿ ̴.
ݼ η õⰣ ϸ鼭 , Ư ݼ ̷ ó о߷μ , ƽ η 簡 ʳ Ұϰ, ƽ 鰡 ǹǷ Ư ƽ ̷¿ ؼ ̸, ڸ Ϲ ̾ ƽ ̷̶ ܾ ̴.
uv þ ʰ uv þ 츮 ϴ Ÿ ũƮ uvȭ ̷¿ ؼ uv þ Ŀ ü ̷ ʰ ִ ̴.
ƽ 絵 ݼó ̷¿ Ư ȭǸ, Ʒ ƽ 簡 ̷¿ ȭ ִ Ư̴. Uv ȭ ̷¿ ϴµ ǥ ũ ȭ ߿ ѿ ȭ ִ 1 Ұϸ ̷¿ ִ ִ.
1. degree of crystallinity
2. Strains
3. Polimerization Degree
4. Glass transiion phenomena
5. Thermal and oxidative stability
6. Nucleation phenomena
7. Phase diagram
8. Hardness
9. Tension
10.Thermal Dissociation
**. pet ̷ (thermal history) Crystallinity.
ƽ ̷¿ Tg ŵ .
̷¿ Tg ϰϴ uv ȭ ̷¿ .
ø uv ȭ ߿ ũ ʰ踦 Ƿ ϴ uv uv ȭ Ȥ uv ȭ ǰ Ʈ 츮ȸ翡 ϴ uv ̷ ũ ġ ˾Ƴ ִ.
6) Ȳ
ƽ Ȳ ˷ ذ UV Ȳ ٺ ʿ䰡 ִ. Uv ñ -% Ƿ C-H, C-C Ϻ صǾ ٸ ǰ, ٸ ȭǾ δ ź, , ֽ(Ash) Ǵµ ذ Ÿ Ȳ ̴.
PVC--------? -(CH)n + ----------?CO2 +H2 + Ash
Ȳ-
-(CH)n ſ ̸ Ǵ ڿܼ 緮 Ǵ ӵ . ڿܼ ð Ǵ Ǵ ٸ κ ( : Coloration)̸ Ƿ Ƿ Ȳ ̴ ̴.
κ Uv C-H, C-C صǸ鼭 ߰ ȭй ȴ. ̷ ߰ ü ȭ , , ð ٸ, ߰ ü ̴. κ ð 鼭 ߰ Ӹ ƴ϶, ߰ ü ٸ Ѵ. κ ߰ 2 ڱ µ Ȳϴ ó ̴ ʱ Ƿ ʴ ó ̴ٰ 鼭 ڱ Ÿ, ʱ ߰ Ƿ Ȳ ٰ Ȳ-? ȴ.
4. UV ȭ ҷ κ å
UVȭ ҷ ο å .
ҷ̶ ص ٺ ٸ 쵵 ְ, ٸ 쿡 ġϴ ٺ ΰ ġؾ ҷ ذ ִ.
1) ȭ ҷ κ å
. : UV ߱ ٸ Ŀ 䱸ϴ ϸ ȴ.
. uv uv : uv 䱸 ŭ ־ ϰ, Ǵ uv ϸ β 䱸ϴ ŭ ָ ȴ.
UV Ű ϴ UV Ű ǰ µ ް ϴ° ̴. ȭ uv Ű µ ÿ Ͽ ǰ Ƿ ڵ Ӹ Ѵ. Ƿ uv Ű ǿ å ٺ å ȴ.
ٺ å uv, ̾ ӵ ۾ ǿ 15% µ uv ȭ⸦ ϴ ƿ 30 uv ȭ üؾ Ѵ.
. β ӵ : β β ̿ Ͽ uv Ű, β ӵ Ϸ UV Ѿ Ѵ.
β 纸 ϰų β ϱ ؼ , ü , µ ϸ β ִ.
̻ κ ֿ å ̰, ܿ Ŀ ٲپ ҷ , Ŀ ٲ , ۸ , ٲ , ƹ ٸ ħ uv üߴµ ȭ ҷ 쵵 ִ.
ҷ ٺ ſ ̹Ƿ å Ȯ κ ٸ å ؾ Ѵ.
2) ǰ å
öƽ ʸ μϰų ϴ Ѱ Ҹ ǰ ̴. ϴ ϹǷ ڷμ Ư å , UV Ŀ, ȭ Ŀ ص ϹǷ ¿ ٴ ̴. ϱ ð ϸ UV (Over cooling) ܼ ȭ ȵǰ, ۸ µ ö ǰ ǹǷ Ӹ .
ٺ å
UV Է 70-80% ϹǷ ϰ , ȭ 90% ̻ Ͽ ǰ ʰ, uv ǰ ǰ ȭ⸦ ϱ Ʊ ̴.
ǰ ǰ µ (W/cm), 䱸 uv(mJ/cm2), ǰ Ÿ, ܺ̾ ӵ, ð ý ü , Ʈ ð ȿ ο .
µ ö uv Ű ϸ µ ö.
1), Uv 緮 Ű (W/cm) Ű ö.
2). ǰ Ÿ Ҽ µ ö.
3). ܺ̾ ӵ ߸ µ ö.
4), ð ý ȿ µ ö.
5). Ʈ ð ȿ ܼ µ ö.
uv ȿ ִ ϰ UV ϴ 100% Ͽ ǰ µ ö uv ȭ⸦ ϴİ ٽ ̴.
ʰ uv UV ϴ 99% ֱ ؼ ö ġ uv ö ؼ ˾ƾ , μ Ѵٴ , ü , ī ݿǾ Ѵ. κ uv ȭ Ŀ ڴ , DZ ̰ų, ڵε, , ü , , ̶ оߴ θ ϴ ģ鵵 Ӹ ϴ о̰, ö ̰ô о̴.
Ŵ ü , п ̷ ͵ Ȯǰ uv ö ġ ؾ ϴµ, Ӹ ƴ϶ ܱ uv ȭ Ŀ, ü а ɶ п ؼ ü ̷а Ͼ Ȯ Ŀ ſ 幰Ƿ mJ/cm2 uv ϸ鼭 ǰ µ 30 Ȥ 40 Ϸ Ǵ uv ȭ Ұϴ
δ ǰ 30 - 40 Ϸ Ǵ uv ȭ ̷ε , 忡 ȭ ؾ ϴ ũ.
3) κ å
ҷ κ å .
. ǥ :
ü ü ٲٴ ۿ . 縶 µ, Ƽ, 浵, Ư Ƿ 縦 ٲٱ Ұɿ . ־ 簡 ִ ǥ Ű ǥ鿡 Ŀ(Anchor Ȥ Primer)ó ϰų, , ڷγ ó Ͽ ǥ 20-30 % Ű ̴.
Ư ̶ ص ǥ , , Ƿ ̳ μϱ ڷγ ǥ ó Ͽ ǥ Ű .
. ǥ å :
κ ڴ Ϸ ϴ ǥ ϰ ִ.
ǥ ߾ ǵ װͰ ϰ ־ ϴµ, uv ֺƮ Ƿ ǥ ߱Ⱑ ſ ƴ. ǥó ν ǵ ǥ Ű ϰ ִ.
. uv uv å :
uv ų Ǵ ʿ䷮ . uv, Ű Ÿ ϴ, (W/cm) Ű, ø, ܺ ӵ ʰϸ uv , ϴ ǰ µ Ͽ ǰ ° ̴. Ƿ ٺ å Ÿ, , , ܺ ӵ å Ұϴ.
å uv , uv, ̾ ӵ ٸ 15% µ uv ȭ⸦ ϴ ƿ 30 uv ȭ üϴ ͵ ̴.
. ǥ å ;
ǥ ϱ ô̳ ǽ Ѵ.
ǥ PC, PET ǿ ȣ ʸ ٿ 簡 Ǵ ִ. ϴ δ µ, , û ǰ Ⱓ ū ̴.
Ư ǽ ǥ ǥ Ī nm ſ ̼ Ī ̹Ƿ ð ȿ ϹǷ ǽ ϴ ϴ .
. β ұ å :
β ϰ ϴ ϴ, ̷ Ȥ ѷ Ŭ ϸ ִ.
̻ µ κ å̰, 2 ̻ 쵵 Ƿ ڰ ǴϿ, ģ Ȯ Ʈ ִ.
. ȭ߿ ̷
uv ȭ ߿ ȭ ִ ٿ Ѵ.
uv ȭ ٸ, ̷ ū ϰ ִٸ ȭ Ʈ ̷ ִ.
4) (Bubbling) Ȥ å
ü Ȥ , 2 ΰ å ٸ..
簡 ʹ 簡 ǰų ֹ ϰų Ϻ źȭ Ͽ ̴. ٺ å uv ȭ ٿ Ѵ..
Ȥ ȭ ߿ ʹ Ƽ̴. ٺ å uv ȭ ٿ Ѵ.
õ 쵵 ִ.
߿ Ȥ ֺƮ ϰų, Ȥ ֺƮ δ. κ ü Ŀ ٸ ϹǷ Ȥ ֺƮ ϰų, ̱ ƴ.
ٺ å uv ȭ ٿ Ѵ.
β β β ٺ ο ȭǸ鼭 ȭ Ǿ ϴµ, ªƼ η uv ħ ϰ, ܺκ ȭDZ ο ٺ 쵵 ִ. ̶ ϰų Ͽ κ ȭŰ ذ Ǵ ִ. ٺ å uv ȭ ̸ κ ذȴ.
5) ǰ ǥ ũ å
κ κ ǿ 踦 Ƿ ǰ, , ȭ Ʈϱ 忡 ſ ذ ƴ. β ̼ ũ ϴ κ uv ȭ ߿ ̴.
. å:
̽ ɱ, ÷ ν ø ֹߵ ȭ 浵, â , , ũ ٲܼ ִ. ǥ ũ ȭ ̽, ɱ, ÷ ϴ , 纰, Ǻ ũ Ƿ Ŀ ð ذϱ ,
Ϻ ǰ ϴ ʰ, ģ ѱ Һڵ鿡 ְ ʴ 鵵 ־ ذ 찡 ִ. ҷ ذϷ ǰ , ̵, , ȭ ǵ ƾ ϴµ 켱 ϴ üμ , , ȭ Ƿ Ǫ .
. ȭ߿ å :
uv ȭ ߿ ǥ ֹ ø .
ǥ ø Ŀ ǥ 浵, װ͵ ̰ ϰ, ̰ ̻ Ǹ ũ ȴ. ǥ ũ ǥ ֹ ø ܿ ȭ߰ ȭ Ŀ C-C ¿ ջ .
ǥ ֹ ø ǥ ڷ ø ¿ Ͼ. ̷ β (y) .
ȭ β ڷ 浵 ϴ ÷ ؾ ϴµ, uv ȭ ߿ ǥ ӿ ̸Ӵ Ͽ ǥ յ 浵 װ , Ѿ ȭ ũ Ÿ.
uv ȭ ߿ ø 迭 ũ 迭 ʰ踦 Ƿ ϴ uv ȭ Ȥ 30 uv ȭ ǰ Ʈ Ǵ ִ.
ܿ ʸ ũ ϴ 쵵 ִµ, ʸ 1 ΰ ũ Ѵ. ̷ ־ ϴµ ʸ Ŀ ̾߱ ص ذ ʴ 찡 . ٺδ ʰ ϴ ־ Ѵ.
6) Ȳ å
Uv ñ -% Ƿ 翬 ̴.
Ŀ ȭ ؼ Ȳ ϱ Ȳ ְų uv ȭ ʴ ̽ ɱ⸦ ϱ Ѵ.
5. ħ
κ ̳ ϵ UVȭ ̳, ҷ ϴ ִ. ǰ κ ϳ ʰ ͵ ̷ ϴ ϰ Ѿ 쵵 ִ.
å , å Ϸ ߰ ҵǾ ϴ ߰ ڿ ̹Ƿ ġ ҷ̳ ǰ Ͽ Ȯ ΰ å δ , ߿ ̷ ǰ 游 ʺ ϴ ٶ ϴ.
UVȭ ǰ 쿡 ó ˰ ΰ å , ҷ ð ū Ģ 찡 , ҷ ð ٸ å 귯 ݺϰų ذ ¿ ǰ ϴ 쵵 ִ,
( UVȭ ǰ 쿡 Ȯ ľ ϹǷ ҷ ϸ ǰ ٸ, 糪 ü ڱ ذϷų ſ 游 ϹǷ Ʈ ذϴµ ð ɸų ƿ ǰ ϰ ϴ 쵵 ִ).
UV ҷ ΰ ó ڷḦ νϿ, ߰ uv ű Խ 鿡 ð ̺ Ͽ, ְ ǰ ֱ⸦ ٶ, κп ǹ ְų, ߰ ڷᰡ ʿ 쿡 ֽñ ٶϴ.
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